What is Braking System in automobile?

                         Brakes are used to slow down or stop the vehicle. Hydraulic brakes are generally used in automobiles, where brakes are applied by pressure on a fluid. Mechanical brakes are also used in some vehicles. These brakes are operated by means of 9 Introduction to Automobile Engineering leavers, linkages, pedals, cams, etc. Hand brake or parking brake is usually a mechanical brake. These are used for parking the vehicles on sloppy surfaces and also in case of emergency.

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What is meant by Final Drive or Differential?

                         Final drive is the last stage in transferring power from engine to wheels. It reduces the speed of the propeller shaft (drive shaft) to that of wheels. It also turns the drive of the propeller shaft by an angle of 90o to drive the wheels.The crown wheel gives rotary motion to rear axles. The size of crown wheel in bigger than that of bevel pinion, therefore, the speed of rear axles (or crown wheel) in lower than the speed of pinion. Final drive is of two types, i.e. chain type and gear type.

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What is clutch in automobile?

                    The purpose of the clutch is to allow the driver to couple or decouple the engine and transmission. When clutch is in engaged position, the engine power flows to the transmission through it (clutch). When gears are to be changed while vehicle is running, the clutch permits temporary decoupling of engine and wheels so that gears can be shifted. In a scooter, the clutch is operated by hand where as in a car the clutch is operated by foot. It is necessary to interrupt the flow of power before gears are changed. Without a clutch, it will by very difficult.

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What is Transmission System (Clutch and Gear Box) in automobile?

           

             
                  The power developed by the engine is transferred to the wheels by transmission system. Transmission system must do three jobs :

(a) It must provide varying gear ratios. Number of gear ratios are equal to number of gears in a vehicle. 

(b) It must provide a reverse gear for moving vehicle in reverse direction. 

(c) It must provide a neutral or disconnecting arrangement so that the engine can be uncoupled from the wheels of the vehicle. In a conventional transmission system, there is a clutch, a manually operated transmission (gear box), a propeller shaft and a differential or final drive.

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What is Chasis and Frame in automobile?

                 The chasis is formed by the frame with the frame side members and cross members. The frame is usually made of box, tubular and channel members that are welded or riveted together. In addition to this, it comprises of the springs with the axles and wheels, the steering system and the brakes, the fuel tank, the exhaust system, the radiator, the battery and other accessories. Along with this the frame supports the body.

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MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE?

1) The Engine or Power Plant : It is source of power.

2) The Frame and Chasis : It supports the engine, wheels, body, braking system, steering, etc.

3) The transmission which transmits power from the engine to the car wheels. It consists of clutch, transmission, shaft, axles and differential.

4) The body.

5) Accessories including light, air conditioner/hearer, stereo, wiper, etc. 

CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES BASED ON?

Engine in Front:

Most of the vehicles have engine in the front. Example : most of the cars, buses, trucks in India.

Engine in the Rear Side:

 Very few vehicles have engine located in the rear. Example : Nano car

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